Wizualizacja tramwaju

Tramway to Mistrzejowice with environmental agreements

New plantings, green tracks and stops, revitalization of the terminus: we know what the green development around the tram route to Mistrzejowice will look like. Residents will gain a modern and sustainable means of transportation, providing an alternative to cars.

The tram route to Mistrzejowice project has received a positive opinion from the Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection (RDOŚ). This is the last step before obtaining a construction permit, allowing work to begin. – The decision just issued by the RDOŚ as part of a reassessment of the investment’s impact on the environment confirms that it complies with the environmental decision issued and can be implemented without hindrance. Among the issues assessed were those concerning greenery, which is of great importance to the local community,” specifies Krzysztof Dziobek, contract director at Gülermak.

The contractor’s individual approach to each specimen and the personal involvement of the construction management made it possible to preserve nearly 200 trees intended for removal in the original design (including dozens growing along Meissnera Street). Positive changes were initiated by a change order issued by a public entity last May, aimed, among other things, at reducing noise pollution and thus the number of noise barriers. In the end, the tree stand management project submitted to the RDEP indicated that there were 1,059 trees in conflict with the planned infrastructure. Investigations of the phytosanitary condition showed that about 60% of them have defects, such as mechanical damage to the bark, drought, decay, frost foliage, traces of pest feeding or significant deviation from the vertical. Seventy-one young, healthy specimens were selected for replanting. 26 of them are already growing in new locations, while the remaining 45 will be moved to their target sites once construction begins. As much as 10,308 square meters of shrubs, flowerbeds and grasses will be added to the project site, more than 2,000 square meters more than the total area of all shrubs to be removed.

New tree plantings along the tram route to Mistrzejowice

– In accordance with the commitment, for each interfering tree we will plant a new one. Their location has been carefully planned to allow the plants to survive in demanding urban conditions, and in the future to provide shade for pedestrians, cyclists and public transport users. All the new plantings have been designed along the project, so there is no question of planting trees in unpopulated areas on the outskirts of the city, as contractors are often accused of,” adds Krzysztof Dziobek.

The selected tree species, including common oak and small-leaved linden, are resistant to pollution, drought, frost and salinity, so they will put down roots in the vicinity of the streetcar line for years to come. The trees designed for the stop platforms will be planted using an anti-compression system, which allows the roots to grow freely under the sidewalk. The private partner used a similar technology for the M2 line of the Warsaw subway.

Green revitalization of the terminus, track and stops

In addition, the project provides for green track using sedum mats along a 4.2-kilometer stretch of single track. These do not require watering or mowing, thus saving natural resources. The route will also feature 19 stops with green roofs, with a total area of 1,900 sqm, giving as much as 4,750 liters of water retention per year. Thanks to dense tree planting, the entire Mistrzejowice terminus will undergo a green transformation. Between the alleys there will be dozens of new trees, appropriately selected shrubs and grasses. The Młyńskie Roundabout will be decorated with a composition of maples, roses and ornamental grasses. A flower meadow will appear at the Barei Roundabout, and eight seedlings will be added to the acacia robinia. A rain garden will also be created adjacent to the traffic circle.

Current design sheets showing future land use along the streetcar line to Mistrzejowice are available at www.tramwajdomistrzejowic.pl

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Osoba poruszająca się o lasce na pasie ostrzegawczym

Adaptation of urban space to the needs of visually impaired people

Accessibility of public space for people with disabilities is one of the key challenges facing designers of modern cities. Thanks to the infrastructure that accompanies the “Tram to Mistrzejowice” investment, people with visual disabilities will soon have a new space adapted to their needs.

People with visual impairments experience various dangers as they go about their daily lives in society. In order to get to work, school or the store, they have to overcome many architectural barriers. Not all of them can be removed, but many can be signaled in advance and designed in a way that improves accessibility

In the Tram to Mistrzejowice project, special textured pavement markings were designed at the Młyńskie and Polsadu Roundsbouts underground stops. They allow visually impaired people to use public transportation comfortably and safely. Thanks to four types of textured tiles embedded in the floor, people moving with a cane for the blind are able to distinguish tactilely the texture of the pavement.

– All of the envisioned types of textured pavement markings are important for visually impaired people, as they make it easier for them to navigate urban spaces and increase their safety, says Łukasz Jaworski, architecture coordinator at Gulermak.

What types of textured pavement markings will we use?

  • A warning lane is a textured panel with nodule-like tabs arranged transversely to the direction of traffic, which signals the approach of a hazard or obstacle. In the case of the Tram to Mistrzejowice project, it is, for example, the edge of a platform, the edge of a staircase or an elevator door,
  • The guide lane is formed by plates with longitudinal grooves that allow the direction of movement to be read and enable people with visual impairments to orient themselves more easily in space,
  • The attention field is a square plate with tabs that indicates a change in direction of travel or the intersection of guide lanes,
  • A waiting area is a textured board also square in shape, but larger, that indicates to a visually impaired person where to wait for an oncoming streetcar. This is the point where the streetcar doors should stop so that the passenger can get inside freely.

Textured pavement markings are just one of the solutions that help visually impaired people navigate in public spaces – It is also important to ensure the appropriate number of lighting fixtures and its intensity, as well as the use of audible beacons that inform of an oncoming tram or bus, adds Łukasz Jaworski.

Improving the accessibility of public space will increase the number of people using public transportation, which will reduce car traffic and air pollution. It is therefore worth taking steps to adapt public spaces to the needs of visually impaired people in order to create cities that are more friendly to everyone.

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Tramwaj jadący po zielonych torach. Zdjęcie podglądowe

Tramway to Mistrzejowice will run on green trackbed

In recent years, more and more cities are beginning to appreciate the potential of trackbed as a perfect spot to locate additional green areas. The trend is especially popular in cities that are seeking new ways to improve the quality of life of their residents. Kraków is a leader in the greening of tramway routes in Poland. The Tram to Mistrzejowice is yet another project following this pattern.

Many cities are struggling these days with air pollution and facing limited amount of green spaces. One solution to this problem is the so-called green trackbed: green belts running along streets, tramway tracks or expressways. Their main goal is to improve the quality of life for the residents by increasing green urban areas, reducing noise and protecting against air pollution.

Green trackbed are becoming increasingly popular in cities around the world. Kraków has been investing in green initiatives for years and is ahead of other cities in Poland in terms of green tram infrastructure. There are over 28 kilometers of green routes in the city now.  Green tracks have been already introduced for instance on communication routes of 3 Maja Avenue, Kamienna – Prądnicka – Dr. Twardego – Krowodrza Górka, Grzegórzeckie Roundabout – Mały Płaszów and Grota Roweckiego – Czerwone Maki. The planned construction of a new tram route to Mistrzejowice involves an additional 4.2 km of green tracks.

Why is it worth building green tracks?

Green tracks in the city center help to significantly reduce air pollution. Plants absorb harmful substances from the air, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, and produce oxygen. More greenery supports biodiversity and attracts different species of birds and insects.

However, the advantages of this solution are not only about ecology. Green tracks also improve the quality of life for the residents. They perform an insulating function: reduce noise and vibrations emitted by trams to the environment. Green tracks absorb sounds from the surroundings, which means residents face less problems with noise.

Green tracks are crucial for improving the quality of life for residents, so more and more cities around the world are opting for this solution. Often times, these areas are introduced as part of revitalization of post-industrial districts or railway infrastructure. This supports creating new, attractive green spaces in the city center.

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Location of ticket machines revealed for the tram route to Mistrzejowice!

Ticket machines are installed in the last stage of the tram route construction, but their locations must be planned already at the design stage. Why so early? To secure power.

The contract for the construction of the tram route to Mistrzejowice obliges the private partner to make the connection, power supply and prepare the foundations for the ticket machines. Ticket machines are also a source of passenger information and have been very well received in Kraków. They will be located near the new stops.

Where exactly?

at the current location of the stop: Tauron Arena Kraków Wieczysta

before the junction of Meissnera and Ugorek Streets

on the junction of Meissnera and Kazimierza Chałupnika Streets

on the Młyńskie Roundabout stop

before the junction of Młyńska and Miechowity Streets

on the Polsadu Roundabout stop

on the junction of Dobrego Pasterza and Mariana Słoneckiego Streets

on Dobrego Pasterza Street before the junction with Krzesławicka Street 

on Bohomolca Street after the junction with Kniaźnina Street

on Jancarza Street after the junction Oświecenia Residental Area

on the Mistrzejowice terminus

An overview map of the planned ticket machine locations

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Zdjęcie podglądowe schodów ruchomych. Źródło: wizualizacja wykonana na potrzeby innych projektów Gulermak

Passengers will reach underground stops by elevators and escalators

The tram route to Mistrzejowice will feature a grade-separated solution through two Kraków roundabouts: underground. Moving between levels is not easy for everyone and some users may even find it impossible. Therefore, the design provides for safe elevators and escalators.

Access to individual floors of the Polsadu Roundabout underground stop – which can be used by up to 1,600 passengers per hour – is ensured mainly by traditional stairs. However, the design also includes six pairs of escalators, i.e. as many as 12 flights. If combined in a single row, they would lead passengers to a height of about 60 meters: as high as the St. Mary’s Tower!

Coming back down to earth: the escalators will be inclined at an angle of 30 degrees and their usable width will be 1m. For safety, the edges of individual steps will be marked with a contrasting color and the flights will be equipped with dynamic traffic lights prohibiting or allowing access. In addition, the operation of the stairs will be monitored 24 hours a day by the BMS system and supervised by qualified staff at the stop.

Elevator to the platform

It will also be possible to get to the modern underground stop by elevators. Although intended for every user, they are dedicated especially to the elderly, individuals with limited mobility and carers with children in prams. There will be facilities for the blind. The buttons on the controls inside and on the call panel will be equipped with Braille. A voice information system will also be put in place.

Elevator dimensions will allow for the free movement of a larger group of passengers – anyone with suitcases, luggage, backpacks or bicycles. An additional convenience secured by the designers are heated door sills to facilitate opening and closing the door in the winter in case the snow freezes.  What about floors? Under their feet, passengers will see stone slabs matching other floors. Elevators have also been designed at the Młyńskie Roundabout stop located on level -1, but in a semi-open and secured excavation.

Technology that will last

Elevator interior will be finished in a vandal-resistant stainless steel. They will be monitored and a visual signal will be transmitted to the surveillance room 24/7. For safe and efficient operation, both the elevators and the escalators will be regularly maintained and inspected. Passengers will be enjoying them for many years to come!

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Questions and answers from the meeting with District Council III Prądnik Czerwony

At the invitation of District Council III, representatives of the KST IV project attended the February session, answering councillors’ questions. These included questions submitted by residents. A summary of these questions and answers is published below.

Is it necessary to build a bus bay on Mogilska Street on the “mills” side, since only night lines will use it?

– The location of this stop was the subject of a long-lasting agreement, and the option of abandoning the bay altogether was also analysed. After verification of the number of buses using the stop with the Public Transport Authority (ZTP) – and these are not only city night lines, but also suburban ones – it was decided that it should not be abandoned. It will also serve an emergency function, for example when it becomes necessary to run a replacement bus service.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the stop takes up a minimum of space, allowing the full width of the cycle path and pavement to be designed, including narrowing the shelter.

Cyclists and pedestrians today do not feel safe next to the existing bus bay due to the difference in level at this location. Will this dodge be removed?

– After the reconstruction, the cycle path and the pavement will be on one level, while the dodge will occur at the edge of the road lane. This measure will certainly improve the safety of vulnerable road users.

Will the transformer building next to the housing development being built on the ‘mills’ site be retained?

– The building is located outside the scope of the development, but the developer of the estate has asked us to exclude any collision of our infrastructure with the planned new transformer. Planned redevelopment as part of a separate development – developer.

Is the liquor shop building at the corner of Jana Pawła II Avenue – Meissnera Street slated for demolition?

– Yes.

Will the noise barriers at this corner be replaced from opaque to transparent? This is very important, as it is dangerous at this location.

– The layout of the screens in this location will be redesigned, not least because of the need to increase the field of visibility for all traffic users. The screen currently located on Jana Pawła II Street will be moved about 25-30m from the intersection. Opaque screens will be used on the route along Jana Pawła II Avenue, and transparent screens will be used on the corner and along Meissnera Street.

Can the contractor secure a parking space near the Meissnera 35 building and the other blocks?

– No, but residents and the cooperative can apply for parking spaces under the city’s Local Parking Construction Programme.

Why does the reconstruction of the intersection of Śliczna, Łąkowa and Meissnera Streets not include a pedestrian crossing on the south side?

– At this junction, there will be a tram track in the separation lane, which a pedestrian crossing Meissnera Street will have to cross. At some stage, he or she will be between the carriageway and the tracks and, for his or her safety, a minimum 2.5-metre-wide refuge must appear at this point so that, if necessary, he or she can wait on it for the green light. There must also be lanes with handicapped pavements. Placing all these additions on the south side of the intersection would require widening the road layout, squatting it to single-family houses and expropriating additional private land. The crossing layout at this junction has been agreed with the City Traffic Engineer, and crossing the street at this location will not require much effort on the part of pedestrians – just a few extra metres to cross.

Is it possible to design a turnaround on the south side of the junction for vehicles coming from the church?

– The design does not include a turnaround at this location, but the Municipal Traffic Engineer will be consulted on the proposal during the approval of the Permanent Traffic Organisation.

Will there be traffic lights at the turnarounds?

– The project involves induction loops, coordinated with the movement of the tram with priority crossing. A red light will be raised automatically for drivers as the tram approaches the headlands.

Could the pavements along Meissnera Street be wider?

– Throughout the entire course of the project, double lines of pavements have been designed at junctions – i.e. where passengers will be changing from buses to trams, for example. The aim of this is to separate passenger and local traffic so as not to create congestion. The former will have space on the lane side and the latter on the estate side. In these areas, the pavements will be wider than the regulations require.

How will footpaths and cycle lanes be separated? Will they cross each other?

– According to the Kraków guidelines, a two-way cycle path 2.5 m wide will be physically separated from the pavement by a 30 cm wide band of concrete blocks. As a general rule, bicycle traffic is designed on the carriageway side and pedestrian traffic on the outside – where possible. Collisions cannot be completely eliminated at intersections, but such points have also been carefully analysed from a safety perspective with the City Traffic Engineer and a cycle audit.

Will there be designated pedestrian crossings of cycle paths?

– Yes, their specific locations are being agreed with the City Traffic Engineer.

Is the route of the heat pipeline coordinated with the KS Wieczysta stadium expansion project? Why does the pipeline turn towards the stadium where an underground car park is planned, only to return closer to the roadway in a moment?

The element of the heat pipe described in the question is an offset, which is designed at certain distances on the heat pipe network in order to cope with its stresses and reduce the risk of damage. Their locations are not random – they are determined on the basis of calculations, taking into account, among other things, the diameter of the heat pipe.

As for a possible collision with the car park – all parties, i.e. the ‘neighbours’ of the development, have already been notified of the extent of the occupation of the site for construction, and any future construction intentions that may affect our project should be coordinated.

Shouldn’t the turning lane for cars in the area of Pszona Street (allowing a U-turn in the direction of Tauron Arena) have an additional dedicated turn lane on the west carriageway?

– In this case, the turning driver on the west carriageway will be directly in front of the pedestrian crossing. The abandonment of the additional lane is intentional in order not to cross vehicular traffic flows at this location – a measure to ensure traffic safety.

The turning lane on the eastern carriageway, which allows queuing for the manoeuvre, is approx. 60 metres long, so quite a few vehicles will be able to fit into it. However, if this traffic organisation is found to cause congestion, it can be changed by correcting the road markings and removing the mobile road elements.

Why can’t the bus stop in the area of Pszona Street be moved to the north so that it does not block the possibility of driving straight ahead on Pszona – Chałupnika?

– A T-junction without traffic lights has been designed at this point, which, according to the capacity analysis, will allow traffic to flow more smoothly compared to the existing situation, a solution that has been agreed with the City Traffic Engineer. As for the location of the stop itself, its relocation to the north is impossible, as the distance from the Młyńskie roundabout would be too small for the tram to gain sufficient depth to fit under its blade.

Why is the cycle path along the buildings at 4 and 6 Meissnera Street being separated from the pavement and moved closer to the blocks, with a row of trees between them? Why can’t it stay as it is – space for pedestrians and cyclists on the carriageway side?

– The whole road system is moving closer to the buildings because there is currently too little space in the dividing lane to accommodate a track with sufficient capacity to allow the carriageways to develop sufficient speed in a straight section. The carriageways will therefore be slightly widened. In doing so, there is no possibility of squaring up with the buildings on the other side of Meissnera Street.

In the original design, the cycle path was directly adjacent to the pavement, with the heating network located underneath, but in line with residents’ expectations, this section has been redesigned to leave the existing tree row. The cycle path runs on its outer side and the district heating network will be located under the parking spaces serving the indicated buildings. Once the network has been laid, these will of course be reconstructed.

In the car park of the buildings at Meissnera 4 and 6, a wall has been designed to separate the parking spaces from the cycle path. It is extremely close to the parking spaces and it will be difficult to designate as many parking spaces as at present. Can’t an earth slope remain in this location?

– The minimum distance of the wall from the parking spaces is about 30 cm, but this is only on a short section of about 11 parking spaces. On the remaining length of the car park between the wall and the parking spaces there is considerably more space. The balance of parking spaces in this car park will remain unchanged from the existing condition due to the relocation of the fire road and the release of space at the end of the existing fire road.

Why will the residents of these blocks have to walk all the way to the crosswalk on Chałupnika Street overstepping their way to get to the tram stop? Is it not possible to maintain the existing link leading directly from the car park to Meissnera Street?

– Here the pavement will be elevated relative to the existing state, the designer will introduce an additional pavement (connector) at the implementation stage. Perhaps a staircase.

Is a busway planned for Młyńska Street? If so, is it necessary?

– A bus lane has been designed only on the section between the Polsad roundabout and the Pilotów roundabout towards the centre. This is the section where traffic volume forecasts indicated the highest loads, which is why a solution in the form of two lanes for straight traffic and a third lane for buses and cars turning right was adopted. In principle, such a lane is already in place in the existing condition, but it is sectional – it will be relieved as part of the redevelopment.

At what distance from the building at 2 Promienistych Street will the exit from the underground stop be located? Will people be exiting the tunnel right in front of the residents’ balconies?

– The staircase is located approximately 3m from the building wall, but the exit is designed on the north side approximately 12m from the building facade. This means that pedestrian traffic will be directed north towards Dobrego Pasterza Street and not directly at the block. As the staircases will be located on four sides of the roundabout, and the communication route located at level -1 will allow people to move between them without having to cross the carriageway, it is natural that a passenger heading south will use the subway rather than cross the busy intersection at the level of the Polsad roundabout.

Has anyone simulated the traffic in the area of the Polsad roundabout during the works?

– The first stages of temporary traffic organisation for the duration of the works are currently being agreed with the services. Certainly traffic on the Bora Komorowskiego flyover will be maintained for the duration of the entire construction. Phasing of the works assumes partial, half-closure of the carriageway, e.g. on Młyńska and Lublańska streets. During the peak execution phase (tunnelling). Both carriageways of Młyńska Street will be closed, and a scenario is currently being analysed to enable public transport to pass between Miechowity Street and the Polsad roundabout. During this period, traffic may be locally restricted along most of the tram route simultaneously.

Will work be carried out on Bohomolca Street in 2024?

– Yes.

Has the possibility of running the tram line from Młyńska Street to Strzelców Street towards the cemetery been planned for the future?

– Yes, in the course of works on the line to Mistrzejowice, a so-called switch chamber will be constructed underground. With its use, it will be possible to lead an additional tram line out on the left side of Strzelców street.

Residents of Majora Street claim that a giant cable will be run in the vicinity of their blocks to feed the tram line. Is this true?

– The tram line needs an adequate, relatively large power supply and the nearest substation with sufficient power is in the area of Mejer Street. That is why the project actually envisages a medium-voltage power connection in this area.  It is a matter of one pair of cables, designed entirely in the road lanes and therefore without interference with private property.

Has the residents’ request been taken into account and a crossing to the bus stop via Dobrego Pasterza Street in the area of Słoneckiego Street has been designed?

– Yes, it has been taken into account.

Are there any changes planned for the north side of the track on Dobrego Pasterza Street?

– No, the existing design solutions have been retained. There will only be a clear separation of pedestrian and bicycle traffic as part of the pavement reconstruction. Several properties will have to be expropriated in order to locate the cycle path.

Are there plans for full signalling at the junction of Krzesławicka Street and Dobrego Pasterza Street, where the tram will cross the road?

– Yes.

What about the exit to the Multikino?

– The junction will be signalised and the lights coordinated with the oncoming tram.

Why did the noise barriers on Krzeslawicka Street disappear during the design work?

– Noise barriers may have been envisaged at this location, but only at the concept stage. Noise tests have not revealed any exceeding of the norms at this place, hence the screens are not required.

How will the tracks in Krzeslawicka Street be separated from the pedestrian lane along it?

– Krzeslawicka Street is the only point on the investment map where the tracks are physically completely separated from the traffic lane.

How long will the works on Krzeslawicka Street take?

– Here, the essential works will only be carried out in Phase II, so certainly not this year.

How do you imagine the traffic on the streets on the north side of Krzesławicka Street after cutting it off from Dobrego Pasterza Street?

– The layout of roads distributing traffic in the housing estates above Krzesławicka Street is beyond the scope of this investment. The only change will be to allow cars to pass between Krzeslawicka Street and Brzechwa Street – this is currently not possible. The City Traffic Engineer indicated at the agreement stage that the traffic organisation in the entire area needs to be rearranged and the topic will certainly be addressed as part of other investment plans.

Is it not worth considering traffic lights on the exit from Kwartowa Street?

– Solutions in this location should also be the subject of a broader analysis taking into account the entire quarter west of Bohomolca Street and north of Krzesławicka Street.

Why was a cycle crossing designed on the south side of Kniaźnina Street? At the moment, there is only a pedestrian crossing there, which should be removed anyway due to the number of pedestrian hits.

– The bicycle audit and the Municipal Traffic Engineer indicated the need to design bicycle crossings at all intersection inlets. For safety reasons, as expected by the MIR, the designer designed the carriageway of Marchołta Street to be elevated to force drivers to reduce their speed before the crossing and pedestrian crossing.

And is it possible to design traffic lights on all crossings of Bohomolca Street?

– An analysis of the street’s capacity showed that the use of traffic lights would negatively affect the street’s capacity. In short – then paradoxically the traffic jams would be even bigger. The regulations state that if the street has one lane in each direction, traffic lights are not required.

Will there be traffic lights at the intersection of Marchołta and Bohomomolca Streets?

– There will be no traffic lights here either, as there currently are.

Is a crossing of Bohomolca Street near the dragon square necessary? No one will use it.

– The idea here was to disperse the traffic directed to the new tram stop by splitting it into two streams – from the south and from the north. If residents consider the additional crossing to be unnecessary, its abandonment will be consulted with the City Traffic Engineer.

Since parking spaces are being removed along the building located at the junction with Kniaźnina Street, can the contractor reconstruct them in another location?

The contractor is not involved in the construction of parking spaces, but the investment does not block the possibility of organising a car park in another location. The owner of the land expropriated for the construction of the tram line receives compensation, which can be used, for example, to build new parking spaces.

Can the pedestrian crossing over Reduta Street be relocated so that a car waiting to let pedestrians pass can safely fit entirely in this street?

– There is a collision with a street drainage gully which would require reconstruction. The subject will be reviewed again.

At what stage is the project?

– The contractor is waiting for the ZRID decision to be issued, allowing work to begin.

Are any changes to the project still possible at this stage?

– Minor changes such as changing the geometry of the pavement within the road lane are possible once the ZRID has been issued in the target traffic organisation. Changes requiring going beyond the road lane, e.g. moving bus stops, are not.

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The first section of Kraków premetro to be launched in 2025

In the spring of 2023, once the RCC decision (ZRID) is obtained, construction works for the tram route to Mistrzejowice will start. If everything goes according to plan, the new 4.5-kilometer track section – made in the public-private partnership formula – will be completed at the end of 2025.

On 30 January, a direct agreement was signed for the investment of Stage IV of the expansion of Kraków Fast Tram. The agreement, signed by the City representatives, the contractor (Gülermak) and the financing institutions, finalizes several years of documentation work and works on financing the largest transport project in Poland to be made in the public-private partnership formula.

– The tram route to Mistrzejowice is the largest transport project in the public-private partnership model in Poland. The fourth stage of the Kraków Fast Tram expansion is a 4.5-kilometer route between the terminus in Mistrzejowice and the intersection of Meissnera and Lema Streets – says Jacek Majchrowski, the President of Kraków.

Shortened travel time to the city center

Tracks will run from the intersection of Jana Pawła Avenue with Lema and Meissnera Streets, then along Meissnera, Młyńska, Lublańska, Dobrego Pasterza, Krzesławicka, Bohomolca, ks. Jancarza streets up to the existing terminus of Mistrzejowice. The investment is worth a total of PLN 1.92 billion.

– This connection will shorten travel time to the city center by approx. 12 minutes. Trams will be launched here at the end of 2025. The route includes a tunnel with a multi-level transfer hub in the vicinity of the Polsadu roundabout – adds Jacek Majchrowski.

The biggest PPP project in Poland

Pursuant to the agreement signed in December 2020 between the City of Kraków (the public entity) and the consortium of PPP Solutions Polska and Gülermak Ağır Sanayi İnşaat ve Taahhüt (the private partner), the latter is to secure financing, design, obtain the necessary construction consents and implement the tram route to Mistrzejowice. It will then take care of its infrastructure for 20 years. The city will take it over afterwards.

This is the biggest project of this kind in Poland. Kraków’s experience will serve as the basis for guidelines developed by other local governments wishing to use this formula to implement similar projects. The entity responsible for the project on behalf of the city is Kraków is Kraków Municipal Road Authority (ZDMK).

The European Investment Bank agreed to co-finance the investment. Other co-financing institutions are the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Bank Pekao SA and the Polish Development Fund (PFR).

– We are now waiting just for the RCC decision to authorize the implementation of the road investment. Actual works will begin in the second quarter of this year – says Jacek Majchrowski.

Kraków model for partnership

Public-Private Partnership is an investment model based on long-term cooperation of a public entity (e.g. a city, a commune) with a private partner. Benefits, as well as the responsibility involved in the cooperation, are split between both parties in line with an agreement whose purpose is to improve the quality of infrastructure and services available to residents.

– We realize that residents have been waiting for the construction of this route for a long time. We had this in mind in recent months while compiling hundreds of documents, holding complex negotiations and preparing to meet the stringent requirements of the financing institutions. Already today we can say that this unique project will set new standards and will be a role-model in Poland and across Europe. Working hard we adapted the project to the subsequent requirements set by the City of Kraków – we prepared the infrastructure to serve the future premetro and reduced the impact of the investment on the environment – says Bülent Özdemir, Country Director Poland with Gülermak.

The Kraków PPP model for the construction of KST IV assumes payment for the availability of infrastructure. This means that the city will pay a certain amount successively if the infrastructure is maintained to an appropriate standard and operational for tram traffic. As a consequence, we minimize interruptions in tram operations on this route.

The PPP leverages on the private party’s experience to build modern infrastructure and reduces investment costs throughout its life cycle.

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Financing documents signed – Final Closure

We’re proud and humbled to announce that we’ve signed the financing documents for Krakow Tram project as of December 2022. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank and PFR are among the lenders financing the construction of KST IV!

Under the project structure, Gülermak has undertaken to provide equity, arrange financing from financial institutions, organize construction and subsequently maintain the tram line.

The financing represents the longest ever tenor achieved in a PLN financing in Poland and the largest loan ever in PLN in the infrastructure project. In addition, the financing includes a Mezzanine Debt tranche provided by PFR. Gülermak is also injecting its equity financing without any equity partner.

Financing for the Kraków tram in the PPP formula

Construction works will start immediately once the ZRID decision is ready – it is expected in Q1 2023.

“This is a pioneering project and establishes the benchmark with regard to PPP and finance documentation for the next generation of PPP Projects in Poland. Now, we have a well-structured PPP documentation, a first application of Direct Agreement between the Lenders and the Municipality and well-established parameters of financing in place. We should also congratulate Krakow Municipality and their advisors for their leadership against all the odds at a time of regional conflicts, volatile global economy and a high-inflationary environment. We’re also grateful to our lenders EBRD, EIB, PFR among others and our advisors, DLA, JK Law, CMS, Atkins, F1F9 and Indecs – says Turkekul Dogan, CEO, PPP Investments at Gülermak.

Among others, we and the lenders have prioritized environmental and social impact of the Project and applied highest international standards to achieve ‘green loan’ status and also with regard to impact of the project on people during construction and operation stages.

Tramway to Mistrzejowice – a benchmark for local governments

With this project, Krakow Municipality has also established a benchmark for successful delivery of the project among the public entitites and municipalities. The steps taken by the partners of the Kraków project will be a model for other local governments wishing to implement key investments without affecting debt ratios and current financing of other projects.

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Tramway to Mistrzejowice is the topic of a project group study

The designed tram route to Mistrzejowice has become the subject of a scientific analysis! Students of one of Kraków’s universities chose the planned investment for a case study to analyze a real, current and important matter in the field of public administration.

A task group of students from the Cracow University of Economics is working on a project as part of  Public Administration subject in the field of Public Economy and Administration. – We decided together that the construction of a tram route to Mistrzejowice is a topical, interesting and noticeable matter while the investment – in our opinion – is extremely necessary for the residents of Kraków. That is why we focused on this case and thought we would get to know its internal structures, people involved in the implementation of the project and its phases – says Joanna Ziółko, the representative of the task group.

PPP project in the spotlight of students

On top of the approach to investment planning (green areas, traffic noise), students were curious to investigate the rare formula of its implementation: PPP. A quick reminder: Public-Private Partnership is a model based on long-term cooperation of a public entity (e.g. a city, a commune) with a private partner. Benefits, as well as the responsibility involved in the cooperation, are split between both parties in line with an agreement whose purpose is to improve the quality of infrastructure and services available to residents. Thanks to this model, the contracting authority does not burden the creditworthiness by spreading the payment over many years of cooperation with a private partner.

By analyzing the design of the tramway to Mistrzejowice, we can learn what this form of cooperation is based on and how it looks in practice – says Joanna Ziółko.

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Where do construction deadlines come from? It’s all about scheduling!

How to estimate construction time? How to coordinate all tasks, taking into account weather conditions, the availability of subcontractors or the need to work under ‘live traffic’? We cover this on our latest story on time management at the construction site.

Recently, we wrote about how an investment implementation schedule is developed. One of its elements is the performance of construction works themselves, which also requires proper planning. It is extremely important that during their performance the general contractor does not skip any task and performs each at the right moment. This is why a separate construction site schedule is established.

A planning specialist asked about where it all starts, will surely answer: ‘from the assumptions’. The most important assumptions for any construction site are the so-called milestones: key dates in the life of a project, e.g. the date of launching and completing works. Once these are defined, you can start the four-stage process of developing a construction schedule.

Stage I – introducing tasks

The construction of a tram route is not limited to laying tracks and building an overhead power supply. A series of tasks is involved some of which – at first glance – may seem unrelated to the main purpose of the construction, like removing the old asphalt or laying a new gas pipe. The schedule must cover everything that is necessary to deliver the infrastructure in accordance with the assumptions and the order on time.

The same tasks at different stages of construction may appear in the schedule as general entries or items described in detail. – While on a very fresh construction site we break down tasks such as methods of ground strengthening, and we only mention finishing works, on a mature construction site we focus on painting walls at underground stops or driving in road barriers next to freshly laid asphalt – says Wiktor Walicki, a planning specialist with Gülermak, the company building the Tramway to Mistrzejowice.

Determining the sequence and degree of detail at the individual stages of construction is not enough to complete the works within the deadlines. It is still necessary to determine their duration, link them together and optimize them.

Stage II – Specifying the duration of individual tasks

How long will specific works take? This can be estimated using one of three methods. If the general contractor has completed works in similar conditions, it can rely on performance data from other construction sites. A good example would be the construction of diaphragm walls: knowing the surface of these walls to be dug per day, it can estimate the number of days required to complete a certain range on a construction site. However, this method can only be used for large jobs; it is not suitable for small ones.

A manager of works in a given discipline (e.g. grid) can also be helpful in estimating the duration of less repetitive tasks. Having information about the parameters of a task, he/she uses his/her own experience and calculates the projected period to complete the task. Laying a new gas pipe would be a good example. The duration here would depend on its depth, diameter, length of the section and obstacles to be dealt with.

Finally, if the general contractor hires a subcontractor for some tasks, the latter may provide estimates made on the basis of its practices. An example here would be the sowing of lawns or the installation of catenary poles for the trams.

Stage III – linking the tasks set

Although the order in which individual works are performed is important, it does not mean that they are always made one after the other on a construction site. Sometimes they can be handled simultaneously, other times coordinated so that they end at the same time. Other times, you can foresee an appropriate timing between the end of one task and the start of another.

– Imagine you have to excavate and make a fill next to each other. In this case, it seems logical to do both at the same time – you simply transfer the earth. On the other hand, if you pour a concrete slab, once it is completed you have to wait a few weeks for the concrete to dry in order to be able to put waterproofing on it – says Wiktor Walicki.

The planning specialist must therefore link the tasks in the so-called bundle. Often times, this is done taking into account various external factors, e.g. the need to keep roads passable, the supplies of construction materials, availability of subcontractors or the season (you wouldn’t plant trees in winter, would you?).

Stage IV – optimization

Even after all these efforts, it may turn out that you are still unable to reach the milestones in the intended time. You then take another look at the schedule. There must be some opportunities left to optimize it – e.g. by increasing staffing and thus efficiency, launching certain tasks earlier or performing them simultaneously with others.

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